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69 Poor Sleep is Associated with Bias for Negative Sleep-Related Images: Development of the Sleep Approach-Avoidance Task (SAAT)
- Daniel Erik Everhart, Eric Watson, Alexandra Nicoletta, Andrea Winters, Taylor Zurlinden, Amy Gencarelli, Anne Sorrell, Anya Savransky, Gillian Falletta
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 578-579
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Objective:
Insomnia affects 30-45% of the world population, is related to mortality (i.e., auto accidents and job-related accidents), and is related to mood and affect disorders such as anxiety and depression. Better understanding of insomnia via increased research will decrease the burden on insomnia. The neurocognitive model of sleep proposes that conditioned somatic and cognitive hyperarousal develop in response to repeated pairings of sleep-related stimuli with insomnia-related wakefulness. The purpose of this study was to examine the neurocognitive model of sleep using a novel laboratory paradigm, the Sleep Approach Avoidance Task (SAAT). It was hypothesized that individuals who report symptoms of insomnia will display a bias for negative sleep-related images from the SAAT, which is presumably a reflection of cognitive, behavioral and physiological processes associated with hyperarousal. It was also hypothesized that participants who report poor sleep would provide different subjective ratings for negative images (i.e., stronger valence and arousal) than individuals who reported better sleep.
Participants and Methods:An initial sample of 66 healthy college-aged participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) the Dysfunctional Attitudes and Beliefs about Sleep (DBAS) scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Participants also completed the SAAT. The SAAT was developed to assess sleep-related bias in adults. The SAAT is a visual, joystick controlled reaction time task that measures implicit bias for positive and negative sleep-related images. At the end of the task the participants are also asked to rate each image along three dimensions included valence, arousal and dominance.
Results:There was a positive correlation between the SAAT and the ISI [r(61) = .30, p = .01], indicating that symptoms of insomnia are related to negative approach-related bias for sleep-related images. No other correlations were observed between the SAAT and self-report sleep measures. With regard to rating of images, higher dominance ratings for negative images were correlated with the SAAT [r(62) = .24, p = .03], which indicates that the approach bias for negative images is associated with “being in control.” Multiple linear regression was used to test if ISI scores and dominance ratings for negative images significantly predicted SAAT bias scores. The overall regression was statistically significant [r2 = .13, F(2, 58) = 4.15, p = .02]. ISI scores significantly predicted SAAT scores (ß = .27, p = .04), whereas dominance ratings for negative images did not significantly predict SAAT scores (ß = .20, p = .11). Exploratory correlational analyses were also completed for ratings of images and other sleep self-report measures. Valence ratings for positive sleep-related images were positively correlated with the ESS [r(64) = .36, p = .01], whereas valence ratings for negative sleep-related images were negatively correlated with the ESS [r(64) = -.24, p = .03].
Conclusions:Hypotheses were partially supported with the ISI being the only self-report measure associated with negative bias for sleep-related images. While ratings of dominance are associated with bias for negative sleep-related images, these ratings do not provide unique variance. These findings indicate a cognitive processing bias for sleep-related stimuli among young adult poor sleepers. Limitations, implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.
Measles outbreak risk in Pakistan: exploring the potential of combining vaccination coverage and incidence data with novel data-streams to strengthen control
- Amy Wesolowski, Amy Winter, Andrew J. Tatem, Taimur Qureshi, Kenth Engø-Monsen, Caroline O. Buckee, Derek A. T. Cummings, C. Jessica E. Metcalf
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 146 / Issue 12 / September 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 June 2018, pp. 1575-1583
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Although measles incidence has reached historic lows in many parts of the world, the disease still causes substantial morbidity globally. Even where control programs have succeeded in driving measles locally extinct, unless vaccination coverage is maintained at extremely high levels, susceptible numbers may increase sufficiently to spark large outbreaks. Human mobility will drive potentially infectious contacts and interact with the landscape of susceptibility to determine the pattern of measles outbreaks. These interactions have proved difficult to characterise empirically. We explore the degree to which new sources of data combined with existing public health data can be used to evaluate the landscape of immunity and the role of spatial movement for measles introductions by retrospectively evaluating our ability to predict measles outbreaks in vaccinated populations. Using inferred spatial patterns of accumulation of susceptible individuals and travel data, we predicted the timing of epidemics in each district of Pakistan during a large measles outbreak in 2012–2013 with over 30 000 reported cases. We combined these data with mobility data extracted from over 40 million mobile phone subscribers during the same time frame in the country to quantify the role of connectivity in the spread of measles. We investigate how different approaches could contribute to targeting vaccination efforts to reach districts before outbreaks started. While some prediction was possible, accuracy was low and we discuss key uncertainties linked to existing data streams that impede such inference and detail what data might be necessary to robustly infer timing of epidemics.
Contributors
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- By Douglas L. Arnold, Laura J. Balcer, Amit Bar-Or, Sergio E. Baranzini, Frederik Barkhof, Robert A. Bermel, Francois A. Bethoux, Dennis N. Bourdette, Richard K. Burt, Peter A. Calabresi, Zografos Caramanos, Tanuja Chitnis, Stacey S. Cofield, Jeffrey A. Cohen, Nadine Cohen, Alasdair J. Coles, Devon Conway, Stuart D. Cook, Gary R. Cutter, Peter J. Darlington, Ann Dodds-Frerichs, Ranjan Dutta, Gilles Edan, Michelle Fabian, Franz Fazekas, Massimo Filippi, Elizabeth Fisher, Paulo Fontoura, Corey C. Ford, Robert J. Fox, Natasha Frost, Alex Z. Fu, Siegrid Fuchs, Kazuo Fujihara, Kristin M. Galetta, Jeroen J.G. Geurts, Gavin Giovannoni, Nada Gligorov, Ralf Gold, Andrew D. Goodman, Myla D. Goldman, Jenny Guerre, Stephen L. Hauser, Peter B. Imrey, Douglas R. Jeffery, Stephen E. Jones, Adam I. Kaplin, Michael W. Kattan, B. Mark Keegan, Kyle C. Kern, Zhaleh Khaleeli, Samia J. Khoury, Joep Killestein, Soo Hyun Kim, R. Philip Kinkel, Stephen C. Krieger, Lauren B. Krupp, Emmanuelle Le Page, David Leppert, Scott Litwiller, Fred D. Lublin, Henry F. McFarland, Joseph C. McGowan, Don Mahad, Jahangir Maleki, Ruth Ann Marrie, Paul M. Matthews, Francesca Milanetti, Aaron E. Miller, Deborah M. Miller, Xavier Montalban, Charity J. Morgan, Ichiro Nakashima, Sridar Narayanan, Avindra Nath, Paul W. O’Connor, Jorge R. Oksenberg, A. John Petkau, Michael D. Phillips, J. Theodore Phillips, Tammy Phinney, Sean J. Pittock, Sarah M. Planchon, Chris H. Polman, Alexander Rae-Grant, Stephen M. Rao, Stephen C. Reingold, Maria A. Rocca, Richard A. Rudick, Amber R. Salter, Paula Sandler, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, John R. Scagnelli, Dana J. Serafin, Lynne Shinto, Nancy L. Sicotte, Jack H. Simon, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Ryan E. Stagg, James M. Stankiewicz, Lael A. Stone, Amy Sullivan, Matthew Sutliff, Jessica Szpak, Alan J. Thompson, Bruce D. Trapp, Helen Tremlett, Maria Trojano, Orla Tuohy, Rhonda R. Voskuhl, Marc K. Walton, Mike P. Wattjes, Emmanuelle Waubant, Martin S. Weber, Howard L Weiner, Brian G. Weinshenker, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Jeffrey L. Winters, Jerry S. Wolinsky, Vijayshree Yadav, E. Ann Yeh, Scott S. Zamvil
- Edited by Jeffrey A. Cohen, Richard A. Rudick
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- Book:
- Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics
- Published online:
- 05 December 2011
- Print publication:
- 20 October 2011, pp viii-xii
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Rogues' Gallery of Contributing Authors
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- By Ramon Abola, Rishimani Adsumelli, Syed Azim, Tazeen Beg, Helene Benveniste, Louis Chun, Ramtin Cohanim, Dominick Coleman, Joseph Conrad, Tommy Corrado, Jason Daras, Michelle DiGuglielmo, Vedan Djesevic, Andrew Drollinger, Kathleen Dubrow, Brian Durkin, Ralph Epstein, Christopher J. Gallagher, Xiaojun Guo, Sofie Hussain, Ron Jasiewicz, Anna Kogan, Ursula Landman, Rany Makaryus, Daryn Moller, Tate Montgomery, Matthew Neal, Khoa Nguyen, Marco Palmieri, Shaji Poovathor, Eric Posner, Deborah Richman, Andrew Rozbruch, Misako Sakamaki, Joy Schabel, Bharathi Scott, Peggy Seidman, Shiena Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Ellen Steinberg, Neera Tewari, Jane Yi, Jonida Zeqo, Peter Chung, John Denny, Steven H. Ginsberg, Jeremy Grayson, Jonathan Kraidin, Stephen Lemke, Tejal Patel, Salvatore Zisa, Charles Cowles, Marc Rozner, Shawn Banks, Deborah Brauer, Lebron Cooper, V. Samepathi David, Steve Gayer, Steven Gil, Eric A. Harris, Murlikrishna Kannan, Michael C. Lewis, David A. Lindley, Carlos M. Mijares, Sana Nini, Shafeena Nurani, Sujatha Pentakota, Edgar Pierre, Amy Klash Pulido, Michael Rossi, Miguel Santos, Nancy Setzer-Saade, Adam Sewell, Omair H. Toor, Ashish Udeshi, Patricia Wawroski, Lauren C. Berkow, Dan Berkowitz, Ramola Bhambhani, Kerry K. Blaha, Veronica Busso, Adam J. Carinci, Paul J. Christo, R. Blaine Easley, Ralph J. Fuchs, Samuel M. Galvagno, Nishant Gandhi, Andrew Goins, Robert S. Greenberg, Sayeh Hamzehzadeh, Theresa L. Hartsell, Eugenie Heitmiller, Jeremy M. Huff, Brijen L. Joshi, Sapna Kudchadkar, Jennifer K. Lee, Ira Lehrer, Peter Lin, Justin Lockman, Christine L. Mai, Christina Miller, Nanhi Mitter, Gillian Newman, Daniel Nyhan, Lale Odekon, Rabi Panigrahi, Melissa Pant, Alexander Papangelou, Mark Rossberg, Adam Schiavi, Steven J. Schwartz, Deborah A. Schwengel, Brandon M. Togioka, Tina Tran, Emmett Whitaker, Bradford D. Winters, Christopher Wu, Elena J. Holak, Paul S. Pagel
- Edited by Christopher J. Gallagher, State University of New York, Stony Brook, Michael C. Lewis, University of Miami School of Medicine, Deborah A. Schwengel
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- Book:
- Core Clinical Competencies in Anesthesiology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 April 2010, pp xi-xii
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